Guernica, By Pablo Picasso - 907 Words

When you look at a cubist portrait, you see a face. But you can see that face form three angles. You see it straight on, you see the profile, and you see the back of the head. Picasso uses this technique in most of his paintings to express the entire meaning to the audience. In the painting Guernica, cubism is used to show all the sides of war. War is terrifying. It is bone chilling; causes pain and despair. There is nothing good about war. Every side, every angle is dark and unsettling. Pablo Picasso’s painting Guernica, is a perfect portrayal of the chaos and terror of war. My whole life as an artist has been nothing more than a continuous struggle against reaction and the death of art. In the picture I am painting — which I shall call Guernica — I am expressing my horror of the military caste which is now plundering Spain into an ocean of misery and death. Says Pablo Picasso, explaining how his painting visualizes the chaos and devastation of war to the public. Guernica displays the disturbing impacts that war has on men, women, and civilian life. Families are torn apart, children orphaned, lovers widowed. For example, painted on the left side of the painting, a mother shrieks as she clutches her dead baby. War is tragic for every participant. Every person experiences something different, yet every angle you can look at depicts war as scarring and frightening. Guernica depicts this, along with the suffering it imposes on individuals—principally innocent civilians.Show MoreRelatedGuernica, By Pablo Picasso750 Words   |  3 Pages â€Å"Guernica† by Pablo Picasso was a black and white, mural oil painting created in June of 1937 on a 349 cm Ãâ€" 776 cm (137.4 in Ãâ€" 305.5 in) canvas. The piece represents the chaos that flooded the Spanish town of Guernica after a vicious bombing by the German and Italian forces during the Spanish Civil War. What followed was a senseless slaughter and bloodshed with the primary focus being the demoralization of the Basque people. The painting depicts suffering people, animals, and buildings wrenchedRead MoreGuernic Guernica, Pablo Picasso2517 Words   |  11 PagesUNIT 2: SAC 1 – Guernica, Pablo Picasso Pablo Picasso, a Spanish born artist, had become the most well known name in modern art, with the most diverse and definite style and eye for artistic formation. There had been no other artists, prior to Picasso, who had such an influence on the art world; this is successfully demonstrated through his artwork titled ‘Guernica.’ Guernica makes a sturdy and solid political statement, painted as an immediate reaction to the Nazi’s devastating casual bombingRead MoreGuernica Pablo Picasso Analysis2140 Words   |  9 Pages Pablo Picasso was an extraordinary painter during the 20th century that really captivated the world in the way that he saw it. He wouldn’t captivate the world in an ordinary way, or as some people would see it. A painting by Pablo Picasso that demonstrates this very well is Guernica. Guernica was painted after Germany bombed Spain the midst of the afternoon on April 26, 1937. The bombing lasted for almost four hours. Once the bombing was over around seven hundred homes were destroyed, and manyRead More Guernica by Pablo Picasso Essay1811 Words   |  8 PagesGuernica by Pablo Picasso   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1937, Pablo Picasso painted Guernica, oil on canvas. The Republican Spanish government commissioned the mural for the 1937 World Fair in Paris. Guernica is a large mural, twenty-six feet wide and eleven feet tall, and was placed at the entrance to Spain’s pavilion. Picasso did not do any work after receiving the commission until reading of the bombing of the Basque village of Guernica, in Spain. It was that attack, perpetrated by the German Luftwaffe, that inspiredRead MoreThe Life Of Guernica By Pablo Picasso1855 Words   |  8 PagesPainted in 1937 by Pablo Picasso, the title speaks of the town of Guernica, Cuba that was bombed by Nazis during the Spanish Civil War. The painting itself portrays an anti-war message, depicting the tragedies and horrors of war. The suffering includes people as well as animals. There is a mother holding what appears to be her child, obviously stating that war affects children as well as their parents. The bull and horse b oth appear to be very stricken with anguish and are in a state of disarrayRead MoreGuernica a Paint by Pablo Ruiz Picasso1471 Words   |  6 PagesPicasso: Guernica â€Å" I paint objects as I think them, not as I see them.† These are the words of the wise Pablo Ruiz y Picasso, a famous and talented artist in the 19th and 20th century. Many have crowned him the most influential artist of his time. Many of his works including Les Demoiselles dAvignon, Ma Jolie, and Girl Before a Mirror have set the tone for many artists to follow after. However, Guernica was one of his most famous of his pieces, painting a nearly perfect emotional picture of whatRead MoreGuernica By Pablo Picasso And Executions Of Art879 Words   |  4 PagesWhen comparing the two art pieces of art, â€Å"Guernica† by Pablo Picasso and â€Å"Executions of the Third of May† by Goya, you may interpret the underlying meaning to be the same. However, the era in which these paintings were created are noticeably different as well as the techniques. The history in which these two works were created is intriguing. The implicit and explicit similarities and differenc es between these two historical pieces are astonishing. â€Å"Guernica†, which was created in 1937 was Picasso’sRead MoreVisual Symbolism In Picassos Guernica By Pablo Picasso911 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1937, Pablo Picasso depicts an epic event in history in his Guernica using visual symbolism, line, space, light and color which advocates to the observer the truth behind the subject matter of the artwork itself. The line used leads to specific images to tell the story; the space throughout the work is filled with many jagged and sharp shapes with an odd use of positive and negative space. The light and color illuminate the actual scene. Knowing and understanding how the artist uses these threeRead MorePablo Picasso Guernica vs. Theodore Gericaults Raft of the Medusa1633 Words   |  7 PagesMedusa, by Theodore Gericault. As time progressed people became more politically aware and involved and generations of art portrayed this. Pablo Picassos Guernica, created in 1937, is a great example of how modern times soon saw a peak in the occurrence of allegorical and politically packed artworks. Gericaults The Raft of the Medusa and Picassos Guernica are both horrifying accounts of the nature of men that aimed to alter a viewers political perception The Raft of Medusa, also known as â€Å"TheRead MoreThe central lighting on the painting Guernica by Pablo Picasso, surrounded by the darker background1000 Words   |  4 PagesThe central lighting on the painting Guernica by Pablo Picasso, surrounded by the darker background and the figures with the darker grey values surrounding the edge of the painting. With this layout and coloration choice it brings a greater amount of focus to the scene. The Viewers eye is drawn to the light bulb and the shape of the light fixture. Which seems to be the a similar image to that of an â€Å"Eye of God†, casting a light on to the worlds horror. The light bulb itself being the pupil of â€Å"Gods

Harry Potter And The Chamber Of Secrets Essay - 1886 Words

When people watch or think of their favorite movie, they don’t usually sit and analyze the underlying philosophical themes within them. However, in reality, understanding the philosophical ideas is an important aspect if someone wants to perceive the movie as a whole. So why do people not catch these important aspects within their â€Å"favorite† movies? There could be many reasons, but the two most prominent are that the viewers lack philosophical knowledge or the directors disguise these issues so well they’re almost impossible to notice. One of my favorite films, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, contains many hidden philosophical themes I never detected in a multitude of previous viewings. Although the movie contains multiple philosophical ideas, the most significantly recurring philosophical theme is that there is strength within a community and in our relationships with others. Furthermore, it is important to understand that our relationships w ith others can ultimately determine our choices. Before analyzing the severity of this philosophical theme, it is necessary to have a basic understanding of the overall plot of this movie. The movie begins with the protagonist, Harry Potter, spending a dreadful summer with his only surviving family, the Dursleys. During a dinner party, Harry is visited by a house-elf, Dobby. When Harry declines Dobby’s warning to not return to Hogwarts, he turns the dinner into a disaster. The enraged Dursley’s lock Harry in hisShow MoreRelatedHarry Potter And The Chamber Of Secrets938 Words   |  4 PagesHarry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets: Book vs. Movie In 2002, Chris Columbus created the movie version of J.K. Rowling’s famous work, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. The book and the movie both, have a similar storyline. But in this essay I will be going over some of the differences. I will talk about some of the character differences, the main changes from the plotline to the film, character development, and which I prefer and why. First, I will give you this brief summary of the bookRead MoreHarry Potter And The Chamber Of Secrets1528 Words   |  7 PagesHarry Potter is in his second year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. After a long boring summer he cannot wait to get back to school but a house elf named Dobby warns him not to go back because then danger will occur. Harry ignores this and goes back. Draco Malfoy is still tormenting Harry but Lockhart the new defense against the dark arts teacher and Moaning Myrtle, a ghost who haunts the girls bathroom have also joined in. These are all minor problems compared to the person who isRead MoreEssay On Harry Potter And The Chamber Of Secrets1066 Words   |  5 Pagesis Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, written by J.K Rowling and the film is directed by Chris Columbus. For a text to be considered fantasy genre, its setting, plot, characters and themes need to have certain elements. Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets consist of all of th ese fantasy elements. The purpose of my essay is to explain how the conventions of fantasy genre are evident in the film Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. The storyline of Harry Potter and the Chamber of SecretsRead MoreEssay on Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets2149 Words   |  9 Pages Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The title of my book is Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. It is written by J.K. Rowling. I really liked this book. This book is a fiction book. That of course means it’s not true. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Harry Potter is a twelve-year-old boy whose parents were killed by Voldemort. Harry has a scar shaped like a lighting bolt on his forehead. He has black hair, like his father, and green eyes, like his mother. RonRead MoreHarry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets1252 Words   |  6 Pagesbook include Harry s desire to hear from his friends. He has gone a couple of months without receiving word, or owl post, from any of his fellow wizards. He is reminded several times that he seems to have no outside friendship from his home. With his encounter with Dobby, the house elf, Harry cannot help but feel left out and unwanted. This feeling is added to by the hatred that his foster family, the Dursley s, share for him. Dudley, Harry s cousin, basically rubs the fact that Harry has no lettersRead MoreAnalysis Of Robert Frost s Harry Potter And The Chamber Of Secrets Essay1559 Words   |  7 PagesJ. K. Rowling, a highly appraised author, stated â€Å"It is our choice s [†¦] that show what we truly are, far more than our abilities† (Rowling 331) in her best-selling novel â€Å"Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets.† The notion that our actions define who we are is one that has been prominent in literature since before Rowling’s novels were even thought of. Specifically, Robert Frost has been implying this conviction in his poems since their creation in the early twentieth century. Additionally, FrostRead MoreCharacter Development In Harry Potter And The Chamber Of Secrets By J. K. Rowling952 Words   |  4 Pages In the book Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets by J.K. Rowling, Harry Potter, the main character goes back to Hogwarts after Ron and his brothers break him out of the Dursleys house. At Hogwarts people started being petrified, going completely stiff, by a creature that supposedly comes from the Chamber of Secrets. The heir of Slytherin is the only person able to open the chamber, and after Harry speaks Pa rseltongue, snake language, he is the main suspect of all the kids at the school. EventuallyRead MoreComparison Of Harry Potter And The Sorcerers Stone1075 Words   |  5 PagesHarry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone/Harry Potter and Cursed Child Text Comparison Essay In Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone by J.K. Rowling, the famed boy who lived, Harry Potter learns of his magic herritage after he’s taken to Hogwarts a school of wizards and witches. At Hogwarts Harry learns the truth of his parents and faces the murderer who slaughtered them. After several more books and their corresponding movies; Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, Harry Potter and the PrisonerRead MoreWilliam Potter s Macbeth 1247 Words   |  5 PagesMacbeth, a tragedy play written by Shakespeare, illustrates the damaging physical and psychological effects of political ambition on those who seek power for its own sake. Harry Potter, a series of fantasy, fiction novels written by J.K Rowling, chronicles the life of a young wizard, Harry Potter, a chain adventure of his friends, all of whom are students at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. Despite the fact that these two books may seem completely unreliable, there are indeed, certainRead MoreTh e Mystery Of The Harry Potter972 Words   |  4 Pagesother jobs. She started writing the Harry Potter series during a delayed Manchester to London King’s Cross train journey, and during the next five years, outlined the plots for each book and began writing the first novel. Jo then moved to northern Portugal, where she taught English as a foreign language. She married in October 1992 and gave birth to a daughter in 1993. When the marriage ended, she and Jessica returned to the UK to live in Edinburgh, where Harry Potter the Philosopher’s Stone was eventually

Advantages and Disadvantage of Magic Circle the Online Game

Question: Discuss the Relative Advantages and Disadvantages of Huizingas Magic Circle as a Method for Comprehending the Social, Cultural and Psychological Uniqueness of the Play Experience. Answer: Introduction The Huizingas magic circle is a common term used in game studies. In online games, the magic circle refers to enclosed virtual worlds. The players enter the online social environment and the magic circle creates a shield which creates an impenetrable membrane separating the virtual world from the real world. However, there exists certain relationship between the virtual world and the real world. The virtual world has certain characteristics which are unique; however, there are also certain similarities between the virtual and the outside world. The magic circle describes the game and the manner in which the players actually interact with the game. The magic circle is a place for fantasy (Adams, 2013). The magic circle is an escape from the regular problems and when a person leaves the magical circle, it brings meaning and experience to the situation. The term magic circle is used to describe the difference between play and non-play and explains more complex type of social relations. Historically, the magic circle is defined as a space created for playing. In the magical circle, a player enters voluntarily into a space which is set apart from the ordinary life, location and duration. The magical circle has rules that differs it from the real life. The magical circle is infinite in nature and magic is transformed within the circle. Within the magical circle, a world is developed where the meaning of different elements is handled differently and the game rules have the highest authority (Stenros, 2014). Magic Circle The boundaries between the magic circle and the game are blurred and porous. The division of play and the ordinary life is invalid as it is space where among other things play happens. The magical circle can be studies in a social perspective and can be associated with cultural anthropology. The magic circle can be studied as a type of social contract and there are certain rules and devices which are triggered as the game begins. Therefore, before a player begins playing a game, he needs to come to an agreement with those rules. When a player enters the virtual world, he enters into a psychological bubble, a small and manageable world which is completely separate from the outside world. Although the virtual world create by the magic circle can be shared with other people, it creates a sense of protected and private place. The focus and the flow of concentration do not only occur at games but also at work. The detachment from the everyday reality that the game provides relates to the human psyche of desiring time and space for a new structure. It also relates to the need of privacy of humans wherein they desire to be at a certain distance from the concentrated activities (Petry, 2013). The experiences in the game also invade the real life of the people and affect the actual life people. The game also permeates to the dreams and the actions and thought of different people. The games are the social expression immersed and are the expressions of a specific person. At a certain point of time, a game is the expression of a particular idea or experiment and reorganizes from the point of view of player. Therefore, different people have different interpretation of the playful situations. The psychological bubble formed in gaming is not uniform and shared but personal (Huynh, 2013). Benefits of Using Magic Circle in Game Designing The magic circle provides opportunity to the gaming community to address the needs of the human society. A common example can be a conspiracy game in which each player begins in a familiar setting. The game highlights the trust and suspicion among the players. The uncertainty in the situation can create skepticism about the actual reality. The designers become capable of blurring the difference between actual reality and the gaming experience. They have the potential to deceive the sense of distinction between the reality and make-believe (Rodriguez, 2006). In the experimental game design, the skeptical uncertainty is the major controversial issue. It is experimental game design; paranoia is a major method which is used to distort the distinction between potential threats and secret plots. When paranoid, the player questions the existence of the boundaries and if they exists at all. The location of the magic circle also becomes significant for the game (Calleja, 2011). The magic circle provides social and individual experiences through gaming. There exists interaction between personal and social experiences of the individuals. The rules of the gamming are socially shared but accepting them is a personal choice (Boomen, 2009). Drawbacks of Using Magic Circle in Game Designing However, the major concern in the magic circle is that there should be a specific boundary which creates demarcation for the actual reality and the gaming world. The core element of magic circle is the idea of ordered-life and the agreed upon conventions. A game wherein the boundaries of the magic circle are not yet defined and the rules are not created, the game will be in a risky and undeveloped. This approach will be inappropriate in designing the games for social purpose or social philosophy. Obtaining the consensus of all the players will be complex because the ultimate aim of these games is to make the subject more educative rather than attractive or entertaining for the students (Jarvinen, 2004). Another concern in the development of the games with the approach of the magic circle is that the all the tactics and strategies in the games must be determined in advance of the games. The games developed on the basis of magical circle will make the game dependable on the decisions and the responses of players. It may create a state of suspension and aggression among the players or creative association through trial and error (Reyes Adams, 2010). Conclusion Magic Circle is an approach in designing virtual games. The magic circle is a virtual reality and assists the people in escaping the everyday life of the people. Every time, the people leaves the magic circle, it brings them new meaning and experiences. There are certain benefits of developing games with this approach as it provides the game designers to design games with which can reduce the difference between the reality and the games. The game participants have total control over the designing of the game. However, it is not appropriate in designing games which are aimed towards a social cause. References Huynh, K.P. (2013). Stepping out of the Magic Circle: Regulation of Play/Life Boundary in MMO-Mediated Romantic Relationship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 18(3), 251-264. Jarvinen, A. (2004). A Meaningful Read: Rules of Play reviewed. The International Journal of Computer Game Research 4(1). Petry, A.D.S. (2013). The concept of magic circle: a critical reading. OBRA DIGITAL - ISSN2014-503. Nm 5 Septiembre 2013. Reyes, I., Adams, S. (2010). Screening Play: Rules, Wares, and Representations in "Realistic" Video Games. Journal for Computer Game Culture 4(2), 149-166. Rodriguez, H. (2006). The Playful and the Serious: An approximation to Huizinga's Homo Ludens. Game Studies. The International Journal of Computer Game Research 6(1). Stenros, J. (2014). In Defence of a Magic Circle: The Social, Mental and Cultural Boundaries of Play. Transactions of Digital Games Reearch Association 1(2). Adams, E. (2013). Fundamentals of Game Design. New Riders. Calleja, G. (2011). In-Game: From Immersion to Incorporation. MIT Press. Boomen, M.V.D. (2009). Digital Material: Tracing New Media in Everyday Life and

Lewis Latimer Essay Thesis Example For Students

Lewis Latimer Essay Thesis Lewis LatimerLewis Howard Latimer was born in Chelsea, Massachusetts, on September 4, 1848, six years after his parents, George and Rebecca Latimer, had run away from slavery in Virginia. They were determined to be free and that their children be born on free soil. Because of his light complexion, George was able to pose as a plantation owner with the darker-skinned Rebecca as his slave. Shortly after arriving in Boston, Massachusetts, he was recognized as a fugitive and jailed while his wife was taken to a safe hiding place. The arrest was protested vigorously by the community. Frederick Douglass, a former slave who had escaped to Massachusetts several years earlier, and abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison spoke forcefully against the arrest. There was a trial, and the attempts to recapture George and return him to Virginia caused considerable agitation in Boston. We will write a custom essay on Lewis Latimer Thesis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now When the trial judge ruled that Latimer still belonged to his Virginia owner, an African-American minister paid $400 for his release. Although free, George was still extremely poor, working as a barber, paper-hanger and in other odd jobs to support his wife, three sons, and one daughter. Lewis Latimer, the youngest child, attended grammar school and was an excellent student who loved to read and draw. Most of his time, though, was spent working with his father, which was typical of children in the 19th century. In 1857, the Supreme Court ruled that a slave named Dred Scott could not be considered a free man although he had lived in a free state. George Latimer disappeared shortly after the decision became known. Because he had no official papers to prove he was a free man, he possibly feared for his safety and that of his family. With his father gone and his mother struggling to keep the family together, Lewis falsified his age and joined the U. S. Navy in 1864 when he was sixteen years old. When the Civil War ended he was honorably discharged and returned to Boston to seek employment. In 1868 he secured a job as an office boy in the Crosby and Gould patent law firm, a company that specialized in helping inventors protect their patents. By closely observing draftsmen at work and reading books on the subject, Latimer taught himself mechanical drawing. He learned to skillfully use the vital tools of the trade, such as T squares, triangles, compasses, and rulers, and mastered the art of drawing to scale. Since all of the drawings were done by hand and in ink, it was very important that a draftsman not make mistakes. Latimers drawings in this medium are as beautiful as works of art. After several months of studying on his own, he requested and was given an opportunity by the firm to show what he could do. Upon discovering that Latimer was indeed a skilled draftsman, he was promoted from office boy, earning a salary of $3.00 per week, to draftsman at $20.00. In the period immediately following the Civil War, important scientific advances occurred in America. There was an explosion of inventions and new uses of technology, and inventors were securing thousands of patents in growing industries. While working at the Boston firm, Latimer met Alexander Graham Bell who hired him to draw the plans for a new invention, the telephone. Bell was in a race to have his invention patented before anyone else registered a similar device. By working with him late at night, Latimer was able to provide Bell with the blueprints and expertise in submitting applications that allowed him to file his telephone patent on February 14, 1876, just a few hours earlier than that of a rival inventor. They had won the race! In 1880 Latimer began work as a mechanical draftsman for Hiram Maxim, an inventor and founder of the U.S. Electric Lighting Company in Brooklyn, N. .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab , .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab .postImageUrl , .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab , .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab:hover , .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab:visited , .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab:active { border:0!important; } .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab:active , .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u00ad04fac860dc1a11e3664baffa44ab:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hurricane Andrew EssayY. In his new job, Latimer was given the opportunity to become familiar with the field of electric incandescent lighting, an area in which there was fierce competition to secure patents. In addition to his work with light bulbs and lamps, he went to U.S. cities and abroad supervising installation and production of Maxim equipment. In 1884 he was invited to work for Maxims arch rival, Thomas Alva Edison, in New York. An expert electrical engineer, Latimers work for Edison was critical for the following reasons: his thorough knowledge of electric lighting and power guided Edison through the process of filing patent forms properly at the U.S. Patent Office, protecting the company from infringements of his inventions; Latimer was also in charge of the company library, collecting information from around the world, translating data in French and German to protect the company from European challenges. He became Edisons patent investigator and expert witness in cases against persons trying to benefit from Edisons inventions without legal permission. Edison encouraged Latimer to write the book, Incandescent Electric Lighting: A Practical Description of the Edison System. Published in 1890, it was extremely popular as it explained how an incandescent lamp produces light in an easy-to-understand manner. On February 11, 1918, Latimer became one of the 28 charter members of the Edison Pioneers, the only African-American in this prestigious, highly selective group. After leaving Edisons employ, Latimer worked for a patent consultant firm until 1922 when failing eyesight caused an end to his career. His health began to fail following the death of his beloved wife Mary Wilson Latimer in 1924. To cheer and encourage him to carry on, his children, two daughters, had a book of his poems printed in 1925 in honor of his 77th birthday. The poems are beautifully sensitive, and complement Latimers designation as a Renaissance Man who painted, played the flute, wrote poetry and plays. Active in the Unitarian Church, Latimer found time to teach mechanical engineering, drawing and English to new immigrants at the Henry Street Settlement House. He had remained extremely patriotic, participating as an officer of the famed Civil War Veterans organization, the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR). In addition, he supported the civil rights activities of his era. On December 11, 1928, Lewis Howard Latimer died, leaving a remarkable legacy. His name will be forever associated with two of the most revolutionary inventions of all time: the incandescent electric light bulb and the telephone.